Danger sign: A sign near the town of Smith River warns passersby that Telone II (1,3-D), an acutely and chronically toxic biocide and soil fumigant, was sprayed here in August 2001. Telone II is a restricted use chemical and may only be applied by licensed applicators. A known sterility- and cancer-causing agent, 1,3-D has also been known to cause gene damage. Protective clothing is required for workers applying this chemical. However there are no materials that are "completely impervious to penetration by liquid 1,3-D," according to the manufacturer (Dow-Elanco). 1,3-D was banned by the state of California for five years during the early 1990s due to its highly toxic nature and its ability to contaminate groundwater; it has since been re-licensed due, somewhat remarkably, to a provision that "protects" residents by requiring that the chemical be injected further into the soil. Use of 1,3-D in the Smith River Plain has increased dramatically during the past few years, jumping from 7,059 pounds in 1996 to 55,105 pounds in 2000. http://www.smithriverproject.org/chemicals.html